Effective Leadership of the Registered Nurse in Home Care Essay

It is difficult to define what makes an â€Å"effective† leadership in home care, but most of people would be able to distinguish between effective and weak leadership. Leading is associated with ‘leading the way’. Professionals who can see a way forward and can explain this to nurses and enthuse them to follow that path are often considered to be demonstrating leadership. In the language often used to describe leadership in home care this interprets as people who both have vision and are able to communicate the vision to nurses and to motivate them into taking action. Leadership is important in the initiatives intended to develop and improve home care services. This type of leadership is essential in effective management of home care. Effective leadership and team working Leadership is essentially about relationships with staff. One can’t be a leader unless employees are prepared to go alongside or to follow one’s lead. Creating a good team is not a one-off activity that can be achieved through an ‘away day’, although this also can be a useful mechanism. It is a continuing process that should to be continually worked at. The team may be very diverse in knowledge, skills and experience. Effective leadership in a multi-disciplinary context can be hindered by lack of understanding of each other’s roles (Kadushin 67). Therefore, the effective leader must ensure that there is opportunity and encouragement to explore the differences rather than leaving them partially recognized and potentially damaging. Leadership style There is a fairly wide unanimity that there is no one right way to be an effective leader in home care (Zarit 34). As every situation is different, leaders often have to be flexible in choosing what style to adopt. Leaders should be able to balance the needs of the individuals, the staff and the task. Style is often considered as a continuum of possibilities between the opposing approaches of being very directive or consultative to the point of delegating decisions. A very directive style, for example, would be to tell a nurse exactly what to do without discussing anything. The opposite would be a delegating style. Here the leader hands over most, if not all, of the decision making. There are dangers in both of these styles. Therefore, effective leader will adopt a mixture of directive and consultative styles according to the situation and the people and tasks involved. Some of the approaches that effective leader can take come between a directive style and complete delegation. These are the following (Austin 90): ââ€"   selling – the leader explains his or her decision to staff and overcome any objections; ââ€"   shaping – the leader takes the key decisions and then involve staff in shaping how to implement decisions; ââ€"   consulting – the leader invites comment and ideas and considers these in coming to key decisions; ââ€"   selective delegation – the leader delegates decisions within a framework that defines the boundaries of the delegated authority. The leader also ensures that the person to whom he or she has delegated has the training and support to carry out the role. If nurses are frightened of being blamed if mistakes are made it is important for leader to ensure that individuals are not put at risk. The further the leader comes down this list of approaches, the more freedom the leader is perceived to be offering staff. Staffs often want to have some freedom. This is in case, if they are well prepared for the responsibilities that involvement and delegation bring. It is important, however, for the leader to be aware of the expectations in any environment and to use appropriate styles that will work for the employees. Power in effective leadership Leader with power can get things done and can stop things from happening. The use of power on staff can cause misery and fear or give the confidence of approval and protection. Effective leaders are often thought to be powerful people whose power on staff gives the confidence of approval and protection. Power of leadership is an energy that can be used in different ways in home care according to the source from which the power is derived. Effective leader needs some power to lead or manage staff because nurses who are to carry out the tasks and activities need to be empowered to do it. However, it is often more effective to be able to work influentially within an environment where many nurses hold power. Leadership roles The very important early stages involve developing the vision of the tasks in a way that encourages nurses to see its value (Austin 67). This vision has to be communicated to nurses. Then it has to be turned into a set of plans that provide the strategy through which the tasks will be accomplished. The effective leader then has to help everyone to maintain progress towards achieving successful outcomes. This is often connected with being a lighthouse and providing the beam of light that directs the nurses. The role of the effective leader is often described as being connected with vision and values and the role of the manager as ensuring effective and efficient actions. The role of the effective leader can be seen as to develop, communicate and maintain the vision. The leader motivates everyone to progress in the right direction and ensures that the strategy is enacted with plans, activities and tasks. Most projects, particularly those in home care settings, include complex settings having many different views and expectations. In such settings it is always difficult to take action because nurses will be interested, concerned or vulnerable. Therefore, the leader will need negotiating and teaching skills. Conclusion Effective leaders in home care have to go backwards through the stages of creating a successful team many times before things run smoothly. Life is never as simple as models and styles might suggest. Leaders in teams can help nurses to understand what is happening and often can facilitate productive discussions when storming seems to be distracting the tasks. If emphasis is placed on the value and importance of achieving the goals successfully, discussions must be kept focused about how to progress. It is usually helpful to ensure that every nurse is involved in discussions about working practice because if they are not, there will be a feeling of exclusion and maybe fear of blame. Effective leaders within the team contribute to ensuring that the common commitment to achieving the good results.

Organization of International Business

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. was incorporated in 1969 and now is the world’s largest and most successful grocery retailer which was selected as world’s largest company in 2007, by Fortune 500. It has 8,970 stores in 15 countries and total revenue of $421,849 billion (2010). Wal-Mart’s main business strategy is ‘EDLP-Every Day Low Price’ which is the key-point of their success. To accomplish this strategy, they mainly focused on efficiency of distribution structure. They used ‘Cross-docking system’, ‘POS’ system, ‘QR-Quick Response’ System. All those strategies core values are ‘Time’ and ‘Response’.Shorten the time for everything includes distribution, storing, etc directly affected lower the price of goods which could be best response to customer need. In other words, Wal-Mart has been successful since they always managed their time and response to customer. Those points were same for Wal-Mart ’s â€Å"International division† startegy. Their international division wasn’t like these days at the early stage. The international division was centralized so the branches needed to get approval for every action and decision from headquarter in USA.However, this centralization process made whole process slow and it harmed the core value of Wal-Mart. Also, they realized that the system can’t be same in other countries. It needed to be changed and modified in order to fully get into each local market place. By the late 1990’s they started to change their policy for international division. They gave more responsibility to each division so that they don’t have to wait for approval and response from headquarter. By this change, each international divisions could meet their local market’s need more rapidly and effectively.2. Why did the centralization of decisions in Wal-Mart’s international division at headquarters create problems for the company’s different national operations? Has Wal-Mart’s response been appropriate? The headquarter first thought that centralization will help them get into other countries cause the methods and ways they used were already proved in domestic market. The centralization wasn’t that bad when they started because there were not many things to care about. However, by the international division gets bigger, they had to deal with bunch of things from lot of different countries.The headquarter had to consider tons of decisions and problems. Of course the whole process got into arrears. In other word, the headquarter of Wal-Mart was overloaded. This condition was natural because the domestic way couldn’t be fitted same in other countries. Each international division tried their best in order to make maximum profit on their market, and that effort caused lot of things to be approved by headquarter. To solve this problem, Wal-Mart started to decentralize th eir international division. This helped each division to tailor them self more easily for the local customers.They could make decision and take action faster. Also they could response to local customer’s need instantly. I think this decision was pretty appropriate. Headquarter can focus to their main domestic market without waste their energy and international division also can make best result in their local market. 3. Do you think that having an international division is the best structure for managing Wal-Mart’s foreign operations? What problems might arise with this structure? What other structure might work? I think international division is moderate choice for Wal-Mart’s foreign operations.The head quarter can easily replicate the domestic structure to international division so that they don’t struggle from start in new local market. However, I think there could be problems arise with that way. There could be damage to headquarter’s reputatio n they’ve made in domestic market if international division makes mistake or distortion of core value while they try to adjust to local market. It will seriously harm whole Wal-Mart’s name and will affect their sales. For example, while they try to get into Korea, they didn’t know about Korea’s atmosphere and condition.They struggled in Korea for years and finally got out of Korea without getting anything. This mistake damaged Wal-Mart’s name maybe not only in Korea division but also in headquarter. In this case for Wal-Mart, Worldwide Area Structure could worked, too. If they use this structure, the great system they proved in domestic market can be used in all the areas but all the other things can be adjusted to each area’s property. In that way, they can reduce possibility of failure in certain country like Korea or German.4. Conclusion Wal-Mart is one of biggest company in the world and they’re making huge amount of money all ove r the world. There is no doubt that they are successful. But it doesn’t mean that they have nothing to fix or improve. If they want to expand their business, they should make their international division more efficient and effective. That means, sure they should use their great system they have used in domestic market to international division but those strategies are needed to be reformed in each countries. In that way, they might able to make high profit all over the world without struggling from cultural and industry difference.

A Review Of Tom Shadyacs Movie Patch Adams

A Review Of Tom Shadyac's Movie Patch Adams Hunter â€Å"Patch† Adams is a doctor who, among other things, founded the Gesundheit Institute to try and change the medical profession. After attempting suicide, he finds himself and realizes that he wants to help people. He can do this directly by becoming a doctor, but when he notices medicine is a cold, unfeeling process he wants to change, he attempts to do just that. Over the course of the movie, he faces several injustices in the face of his righteous quest, but does not give up and is where he is now because of this. The circle of faith in action model is defined as â€Å"awareness, analysis, and action†. In his fight to make medicine more friendly to the people it helps, he takes these three steps and achieves his goal. His own awareness begins to take shape while he is in the mental institution after his suicide attempt. Despite being a rehabilitation facility, none of the faculty seem to really care about the patients and only do what they do for a paycheck. The dismissive attitude of the hospitals main people and the orderlies shows this quite well. This starts Patch on his quest to change things, but not before he enters medical school and sees the injustice in an even worse form there. Students are not allowed to see the patients until their 3rd year, and even then in a purely educational sense. The strict Dean Walcott makes sure of this, and Patch is disciplined and threatened with expulsion several times for â€Å"aggravating patients† and â€Å"embarassing the community† when in reality hes only trying to make it more fun for everyone-doctors, students, and most importantly patients. After analysis of this situation, he decides that medicine must be changed. Patch then buys an old ranch farmhouse and converts it into a small clinic. With his friends he is able to run it well. However, this clinic isnt just an ordinary clinic. No one there is labelled as a â€Å"doctor†, or more clearly, everyone is. Whether the people there seek treatment or give it, everyone has a job. This goes from actually administering treatment to cleaning up after others, or (most critically in Patchs operation) entertaining patients with any means necessary. After Patch graduates, he creates the Gesundheit Institute, a medical facility using alternative cheap methods to treat patients and employing entertainment to eliminate the cold atmosphere many hospitals have. The whole reason Patch does what he does in the first place is the somewhat inhumane treatment by hospitals to their patients. He disagrees with the ridiculous costs of healthcare. Even today, simple visits can cost upwards of thousands of dollars. To Patch, this cannot stand, as he believes humans deserve their right to be treated. On a more personable level, he dislikes the social treatment given to patients. To him, most doctors see their patients not as human beings with a right to be medically treated but as a â€Å"job† or a â€Å"number†. To him, most are only concerned about the money they get from the treatment and not about whether the patient is actually okay. This has a real world basis, as the sterile, boring, darkness of hospitals can contribute to depression and in turn make medical issues even worse as your will to fight slips away. Patch doesnt just try to change the system, he does. While hes in school he promotes fair treatment of patients and visits them (cancer-stricken children foremost) even though he isnt allowed. He convinces his roommate (who detests Patchs attempts to change) that his cause is worth it. Even Dean Walcott and the school board is convinced of his talent by the time Patch finally graduates. More importantly, they accept his unorthodox methods as legitimate, and begin to move their education tactics and treatment methods to a more personal, fun type. Patch knew what he wanted to do, and he did. Even today you can see hospitals with decorations, entertainment, easier treatment, and many other new things that set them apart from the treatment of many years ago. And it would be unfair to say Patch and his Gesundheit institute didnt have a hand in that. The first Catholic Social Teaching theme is respect of the life and dignity of the human person- and this is what Patch, and the entire movie are all about. The real Patchs life is dedicated to fair treatment of patients and to an extent, everyone. He also says death should be treated with dignity and respects that one day, everyone has to go. Patch starts medicine towards more humane treatment and his work has had an effect today. Patch believes medicine should be a community, so everyone- doctors and patients should unite for good treatment. In his first clinic everyone has a job, not just those who are administering the treatment to the patients. He promotes family values and makes sure every voice is heard. Patchs responsibility as a doctor is to help his patient. He must respect their rights and do everything in his power to respect a patient and carry out their wishes. He must make sure they survive as long as they can, but respects their right to die. However, Patch takes his minimum responsibilities as a doctor and takes it much further- he becomes a helper. He makes his patients feel good not just bodily, but in their minds as well. Patch believes healthcare should be low-cost or even free, because every human deserves medical care. His first clinic and his full hospital today are both non profit and rely on volunteers, patient assistance and tireless work from those involved to keep them running. No one is turned away, especially the vulnerable who really need the help. Patch is a natural helper and will do anything he can if someone is in need of his help. Patch respects dignity. Those who assist him in his medical work do it not out of a desire for money but out of the goodness of their hearts. They are treated just as fairly as the patients. To Patch, medicine isnt just about the patient. Its about the doctor as well, and they have rights. To Patch, we must all stand together as a community. In his perfect world, medicine and any other kind of help is always given for free. Humans are naturally good and he took what was in him and revolutionized a huge part of society. Even after hes gone, the protocol he put into practice will remain and Patch will only truly die when medicine regresses back to the almost robotic way it was years ago. Doctor and patient must stand as one unit for the good of themselves. Solidarity is key in Patchs world, and you must stand up for what you believe in. Even after the death of his girlfriend, his expulsion, his suicide attempt, and the several other obstacles in his way Patch never gave up, and this attitude spread to his close friends. As a doctor, caring for Gods creation is Patchs job. He works with humans, but he would surely help an animal or plant in need if he knew how. Patch respects and cares for the planet. As his influence spreads, many others do as well. His organizations are non-profit to make sure no one is turned away, and Patch continues to work with his patients to this day. Patch Adamss influence on medicine was critical to the field. Today, every medical institution is more humanized and treats its patients with the respect they deserve as human beings. Because of him, patients feel better and will heal faster because of it. This is a huge step in the right direction and its insane that it took that long for the medical profession to realize.

Impact of Visual Effect on Currnet Film Industry Research Paper

Impact of Visual Effect on Currnet Film Industry - Research Paper Example In addition, the area of study presents various facets engrossing diverse techniques under the discipline of films popular, among many people. One such, the paper intends to exploit is matte painting, which make use of visual effects in live action of films. Data analysis succeeds data extraction, a process, which helps in generation of efficient data used to prove various phenomena. Visual effects data analysis, for instance, relies on heavy aggregation of data revolving around its effects on the film industry. This should include pro and cons of the effects as this forms a potential area of study (Okun & Zwerman, 2010). At times, data analysis take the form of exploratory statistics, confirmatory data analysis (CDA) as well as exploratory data analysis; however the paper attempts to incorporate all the three approaches in answering various questions, which arise since the invention of visual effects (Livingstone, 2004). Despite relying of existent data, the paper will also make use of predictive data including unstructured data, to help in understanding various changes visual effects have dame in the film industry. In the contrary, various distinctions and confusions, which arise due to confusion of effects of visual effects, will be a priority as this is indispensable in understanding various data. ... This is because there are various numerical tools including MHD equilibria codes, which provide isometric bicuspid reports (Okun & Zwerman, 2010). On the other hand, Phoenix as a numerical tool uses poloidal-rotating equilibria to reckon the entire deal of gyratory spectrum. This is, therefore, a critical question in coming up with a competent data analysis strategy, which gives proficient results. With a decision on the best numerical toll, the soft ware package becomes an area of concern, as current data analysis methods employ software, depending on the requirements. Matte painting for instance uses diverse software to arrive at the final product. In the paper, a soft ware, which producers necessary statistics gets given priority as the paper, is not in need of complicated data. For example, software, which can produce graphs and charts, will be highly useful in the paper. Last but importantly, before one conducts a data analysis, one should be able to answer the question, what re sources are available? The resources include relevant books to the area of study as well as other internet sources, which might serve well in providing sufficient information useful in accomplishing the task (Livingstone, 2004). Mattes are distinct photography, which make use of visual effects to combine various image elements and come up with single or final images. The images are tremendously useful in the film industry where producers combine mattes at for ground, middle ground and background to come up with attractive films. In order to come up with films portraying sensitivity, mattes get used as visual effects, where scenic vista combines the imagery at different scenes. In order to come up with proficient films, the principle of mattes requires

Write a critique on Jib Fowles article, Advertising's Fifteen Basic Essay

Write a critique on Jib Fowles article, Advertising's Fifteen Basic Appeals - Essay Example gh his essay â€Å"Advertisings Fifteen Basic Appeals† has given the information about the emotional appeals that advertisers use to make the consumer buy the products, and hence making us consumers smart enough not to become a prey to their gimmicks. His effort is to make us aware about the visual gimmicks that are being used to make us believe in certain things that are not true. Fowles has done a great job by giving us examples of different advertisements and talking about the different emotional and subconscious drives they are trying to appeal to. The essay is sort of good as far as information goes, however, I personally think that it has missed the essence by not mentioning the word ‘mental association’ and by downplaying the importance of sex in the advertisements. Let us understand one thing, right from the advertisements of the bikes, shaving blades, medicines, cosmetics and laptops, sex plays a huge part. Maybe not directly, but certainly indirectly. If a medicine commercial says that it keeps you young, it certainly gives you an idea of biological pleasures of remaining young and sex is one of the pleasures. The Pepsi commercial can make a person to buy a cold drink not because he likes the cold drink but by ‘arousing’ him and mentally associating him with Michael Jackson [2] . The Honda commercial, in flat one minute thirty seconds, pumps up the adrenaline and in the end makes you believe that owning a Honda is to experience the power of dreams [3] . Through the power of music, speed, victory and success, this commercial takes you to the peak of your feelings and arouses you to believe in the story. No matter what product is being advertised, sex plays a major

Benjamin franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Benjamin franklin - Essay Example The website ushistory.org is published by the Independence Hall Association (IHA) which is a non-profit organization in Philadelphia. All their sites are copyrighted and they give historical details of famous people and facts of history. Through this website they have projected Franklin’s struggles in early life and how he managed to get into the printing business. His endeavor and experiments as a scientist have also been portrayed apart from his interest in politics. He not only served the United States while living there but even for 18 years he lived in England as a colonial representative. This demonstrates his loyalty to his nation. The websites concentrates on the international fame that electricity and lightning brought to Franklin. This is basically a quick biography and the intended audience is high school students or first timers who are not much aware about Franklin. The website gives information that England was far ahead of America during that period although cor ruption in politics and royal circles in England did disturb him. America had strained relations even with France and Franklin was responsible for the Treaty of Paris. The second website has collected details from the Encyclopedia Britannica. This website highlights Franklin as a person, an individual, as a child, his youth, his successes and achievements and his dedication to public service. This site also highlights critics of Franklin, his contemporaries who thought he was a fraud. His early life has been mentioned but no details of his struggles as in the previous website have been given. This website also highlights him as a philanthropist who founded academies and societies for the benefit of the society. He had an early start in politics and this website gives more details of his political involvement in England. The intended audience would be the casual readers or high school children to familiarize themselves with the life and times of Franklin. The purpose of this

Globalized Society Erases Borders Between People Essay

Globalized Society Erases Borders Between People - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that Western religion is mostly Christian (including all the confessions) which presupposes certain ethics and beliefs, so western religious traditions are totally different from the eastern ones. For example, Chinese original religion Confucianism cannot be even called â€Å"religion† as it looks like just a certain ethical doctrine based on political values. Meanwhile, Indian-originated Buddhism is totally metaphysical and partly mythical religion that also doesn’t have such traditional god as westerners understand the concept of god. But as we can see, nowadays we are far from that times when different religious views influenced people’s communication. Moreover, we even use each other’s practices in everyday life; for instance, such eastern religious practice like yoga has become widely popular among westerners so far, as it is quite applicable even separately from the religion it belongs to. This paper highlights that as we live in the world without any borders we frequently interact with multiple cultures. Meeting them, we can often feel like we are being misunderstood at the very beginning. But it is the matter of time. Just in short notice it becomes easy for us to understand each other like if we were from the same culture, because in fact our fundamental assumptions about the world don’t play important role in our communication. This is obviously the result of globalization of society, as we don’t even notice that with availability of information worldwide our cultures are slowly mixing and integrating with each other. Another reason is global migration of people from different cultures to other places to live, because they bring their cultures and often disseminate information about them within the new environment. Both eastern and western people study at the same universities and learn the same things.  

Violence Against Sexual and Gender Minorities Essay

Violence Against Sexual and Gender Minorities - Essay Example Childhood experiences also play a role in encouraging violence against sexual minorities and gender. In the case of Richard Thomas his childhood experience was full of violence and death. This played majorly in making him be violent too. His family members as well as close friends were brutally murdered. Violence became part of his life. According to Martin-Storey (2015) childhood experiences affect the perception and insights of an individual about all aspects of life. Corona, Jannini and Maggi (2014) add that adults are mere products of their childhood experiences. Related to childhood experience, is the environment and the society and the individual lives in. Every society has its own ways of lives and thenorms. There are societies that are radical and may have problems with sexual minorities hence abuse their rights. According to Goldberg (2010) the social setups create what seem morally right to them and violation of these morals might not be welcomed by the society. The society where Sasha Fleischman lived took time before accepting her as s heterosexual because they were never used to seeing males putting on skirts. The state laws and policies may also play a role in encouraging violence against sexual minorities. By failing to set clear laws that will protect the minorities, the radicals may take advantage against them.   Wise (2012) adds that judicial systems may fail to protect the sexual and gender minorities when the stipulated laws bear no clear details on such cases.

Why Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Why Communications - Essay Example Without communication, it may be impossible for other people to know what their colleagues think or like. As such, it is important for people to exchange information in order for them to understand each other. We use communication in all facets of our life. For instance, we socialize through communication since we use it to exchange information. This also helps us to create mutual understanding among us so that our communities can be habitable if we understand each other. Conflicts in a given society are minimised if people understand each other through communication. Another important element about communication that makes it valuable in our lives is that it differs from place to place. There are also different types of communication, for instance, the most common ones are verbal and non verbal communication. In as far as non verbal communication is concerned, it can be noted that there are different signs that are used to convey meaning between two people involved. There is need for one to understand different signs used by other groups of people in order to communicate effectively with such people. Another important issue that should be taken into consideration with regards to non verbal communication is that signs differ from place to place. It can also be seen that communication skills are required especially in verbal communication when one is to achieve his or her desired goals. In business for example, there are different communication skills that are used in order to achieve the desired goals. For instance, the communicator ought to use persuasive speech in order to appeal to the interests of the targeted people or customers. This in turn can compel them to buy the products offered. Therefore, persuasion is a very important component of communication. There are different concepts that characterise communication in different scenarios. The message itself is a very important

Estimating Demand and Forecasting Sales and Sales Force Simulation Essay

Estimating Demand and Forecasting Sales and Sales Force Simulation Summary - Essay Example Sales forecasting is also very valuable when a company is embarking in new ventures such as expansion plans. Sales forecasting is not exact science and many business experts consider it an art. Forecasting methods include both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Jury of executive opinion is a popular forecasting technique. The technique is based on the Delphi method (Estimating Demand and Forecasting Sales and Sales Force Simulation). This technique uses the knowledge of experts in a systematic manner. The experts create a panel in which open discussion and questionnaires are used to find a solution. Biased and tension among the group of experts opinions is eliminated by creating confidentiality through anonymity. In a study realized by Mentzer & Kahn on forecasting techniques they found that after been exposed to long period of times managers preferred the jury of executive opinion forecasting technique over other methods. As a general rule a company should apply the same forecasting technique when realizing an analysis with different data. The advantange is that the anaysis has a strong comparison base due to consistancy across the board. In the case of a sales forecast for entering new markets the general rule does not apply. When a company is the process of gathering data of different markets a lot different paraments enter into the equation. It might not be possible to gather the same type of data from the different markets. Also different behavioral tendencies of a market make alternative sales forecasting methods more suituble for particual situations. In the sales management simulation studied the company analyzing two different potential markets to introduce a beer product found that the two countries had different cultures and consumer tendencies. Different sales forecasting methods were utilized to create a sales forecast for each country. When a company determines its sales forecasting it must also determine the

Anti Gun-Control Essay Example for Free

Anti Gun-Control Essay Generally speaking, gun control is recognized as the effort to restrict or limit the production, shipment and ownership of certain guns. Over time, the issue of gun ownership has become a staple of controversy and one of the most hotly contested social issues facing Americans. More often than not, where one falls on gun control depends largely on their political affiliation, their moral standards and their past experiences with firearms. According to some estimates, approximately 80 million homes in the U.  S. own 223 million guns. As is the case with most issues, gun control comes with a list of pros and cons. The people who staunchly support gun control believe their argument would protect society and save lives, while those opposing gun control believe the opposite. Here are some of the most well-known arguments against gun control: Potential for more crime – It’s long been suggested that having a gun allows would-be victims to protect themselves against crimes. Proponents of gun control often point to crime statistics as a sign that gun control would be a positive for society. However, people against gun control firmly believe that by having a gun, people could prevent many of those crimes from happening in the first place. Second amendment – The second amendment from The Bill of Rights grants private citizens the right to bear arms. Thus, people who stand firmly against gun control insist that no legislation, technically, should have the right to take away a citizens guns without first repealing the amendment in question. Bad history – History appears to support the pro-gun crowd. Throughout various political regimes, the one constant of a tyrannical government has been the disarming of citizens. Thomas Jefferson once famously said: â€Å"No man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against the tyranny in government. †

The Value of Early Marriage in Islam Essay Example for Free

The Value of Early Marriage in Islam Essay Because of Islams great love for marriage, it has strongly emphasized that people get married as soon as possible. This is more so for women, and the Prophet (s) and Imams (as) have strongly emphasized that it is the responsibility of a father to ensure that his daughters become married as soon as possible. This is in order so that the woman may not fall into fornication as a result of not being able to marry, and that this very important part of her life become dealt with as soon as possible. We see this reflected in the following ahadeeth: 1.It is a blessing for a man that his daughter does not menstruate in his home.1 2.The Prophet (s) said in a khutbah: Jibrail came to me from the Subtle and Aware one [Allah (swt)], and said: Indeed, virgin girls are like fruit on a tree. When you take the fruit from a tree, then you do not have to fear that the sun will spoil it or that the wind will scatter it away. Similar is the case when a women is taken in the way that they are taken [meaning marriage]. There is no remedy for this problem except that they take a husband, and if they do not, then one will have to fear that they will become corrupted. Beyond this, Islam also believes that women have a stronger sexual urge then men, and that this urge should be satisfied at an early age. There are many narrations, from both Sunni and Shia sources, that state that women have nine times as much sexual desire as men: 1.Imam Ali (as) said: Allah the Mighty and Glorified has created desire in ten parts; nine of these parts are in women, and one part is in men. Had not Allah (swt) given more power to her modesty than over these parts of desire, then every man would find himself with nine women attached to him. 2.Imam as-Sadiq (as) said: Indeed, Allah the Mighty and Glorious has given women the patience of ten men. If a woman is fighting with you, then it is because she has been given the desire of ten men. 3.Imam as-Sadiq (as) said: Women have been blessed with ninety nine percent of desire, however Allah has placed modesty over them. As such, when a girl is young, this force will be even stronger in her, and so it is more important that she not fall into sin. If a father is to be considered the guardian of his daughter, then it is one of his duties to make sure that she does not fall into sin by using his age and experience to help find for her a proper husband at an early age. It is even said of slave-masters that they should either marry their slave girls or find husband for them, and that if they fornicate, the sin will be on himself. However, Muslims have tended to forget this teaching of the Prophets (s) and Imams (as). The growth of a middle-class throughout the Muslim world has led families to become more concerned with their daughters education and work then with their spiritual life, and fear that if they marry their daughters at an early age, the girls will not be able to complete their education. Even if this were true, it would still be inexcusable to make it difficult for young girls to get married, for then one will be putting pressure on them to fornicate. The fact is that it is not true that girls will somehow fail in life if they marry at an early age. A woman can balance the demands of her marital life and her educational/professional life, and should be allowed and encouraged to do so. It is important, as well, that as girls enter adolescence, that Islam is not being used as a barrier upon them enjoying their life and fulfilling themselves sexually. When Muslim families put pressure on their daughters not to marry and seek to isolate them from this blessing of marriage, it is only natural that many young women will turn against practices like hijab and other aspects of Islam. Lack of satisfaction in the area of sex will lead to depression and frustration, which can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Parents should not only allow their daughters freedom in this regard, but should actively encourage them. The fact is that young men and women will usually get together anyways, and a young woman may very well connect with a young man whose morals and character are less than satisfactory. By families openly involving themselves in this aspect of their daughters life from an early age, they can not only help their daughters to quickly find what they need in terms of their love life, but also help to guide their daughters to a marriage that will be beneficial for her, both emotionally, physically, and spiritually. When the parents refuse to help, however, then they are leaving their daughter to her own devices in finding a path to dealing with her sexuality. She may restrain herself until her family allows her to marry, or she may not. But at that stage, the family will not play any role in that decision one way or the other. It is also the obligation of the family to make it easy for a husband to marry his daughter, and not place the kind of absurd demands upon a prospective husband that are made now. Filled by love of dunya, many families will only marry their daughter to a rich man with a PhD or several degrees in engineering or what have you. This, even more than the restrictions they place on their own daughters, creates a terrible barrier on a young woman getting married, as it makes it impossible for her to find somebody similar in age. Enormous dowries are another source of fitna in this regard, and this practice has been condemned in the ahadeeth: 1.The Prophet (s) said: The best of womenare those who ask for low dories. 2.Imam as-Sadiq (as) states: The blessed of women are those who ask for small living expenses, and the evil of them are those who are demanding in terms of living expenses. The practice of large dowries is even more haram, however, because it is almost always done for the sake of show inside the community, which is a form of shirkthat is most condemned in Islam. We see that, tragically, many families are willing to sacrifice the happiness of their daughter during her adolescence for the sake of their appearance in the community. It is interesting to note that most cases of huge dowry, the daughter had no interest in a large dowry. She would ask for something extremely small, or even want to wave it altogether. But then the family steps in and demands thousands upon thousands of dollars in dowry, and then forces the daughter to make a decision between her husband-to-be and her family. Usually she will choose the family, especially since the family will make all manner of threats about what will happen if she goes ahead with a marriage they dont approve of (Your uncle in Pakistan will kill himself, your father will lose his job, etc., etc., etc.) Nothing could be more reprehensible than for families to blackmail their daughters in this way, and it is a terrible cause of fitna amongst the youth. We see that someulama in Iran today, such as Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini, have been very strong in condemning this practice, for they have seen how harmful it is to the spiritual state of the youth. Many famlies are under the deluded impression that if they make it impossible for their daughters to marry that the girls will simply sit tight until the permission and possibility of marriage comes. Certainly many do; but of course, as is human nature, many dont. It is entirely possible that the sin of fornication may fall upon the heads of the people who prevented the young from marrying, rather than the young themselves. There is a story that a man was brought to Imam Ali (as) to be punished for fornication. He asked the man if he had been able to marry, and the man said that nobody would allow him to marry, nor did he have the money to purchase a slave girl. Imam Ali (as) then let him go. The authenticity of this story is not verified, but the import remains: that a society that makes it impossible for the young to satisfy themselves sexually is responsible for the fornication that inevitably results. If the young cannot receive the blessing and assistance of their parents in this regard, then it is their duty to rebel against these pressures. We have discussed, elsewhere, the fact that it is not obligatory for a mature girl to seek the permission of her parents to marry, but merely recommended. A system of culture and overly conservative jurisprudence has combined to place barriers on the young, and the only way to break through this is for the young to, quite simply, rebel, and take the matter of marriage into their own hands. It is the right of every mature and sound-minded person to marry, and marriage is one of the greatest blessings of Islam. If the older generation are not willing to accept this fact, than it is upon the younger generation to break the chains that have been set upon them.

The Simplistic View Of Westminster Models

The Simplistic View Of Westminster Models The argument that the Westminster model is a simplistic view of the British policy process could be said to be true as there have been a number of changes in British politics in recent years. This essay will evaluate this argument and to help do this will look at Rhodes differentiated polity model, Marsh, Richards and Smiths asymmetric policy model and use the policy area of tuition fees to help understand the changes and advancements that have taken place within the policy process. The Westminster model does not have one individually conclusive version as many political scientists have differing interpretations of the model. However there are a few key features that are agreed on. It is agreed that the Westminster model has strong centralised cabinet government controlled by the political party in power at the time. Parliamentary sovereignty is also key with power only within government and Westminster (Richards, 2008). The majority party is the party that implements policy and support for the policies are normally supported by their partys backbenchers. A two party system is present under this model and the opposition party is there to indicate faults of the elected partys policies as the opposition partys aim is to look the stronger party with the intention of being elected at a coming election (Garnett Lynch, 2007). It is also a feature that policies are easily accountable as it is only the government involved in the policy process (Richards, 2008), where m inisters elected by the public are representatives of the public and work for their benefit (Kavanagh, Richards, Smith Geddes, 2006). Civil servants are there to implement policy, they are neutral and defend the government and House of Commons (Garnett et al, 2007). The model is regarded as an elitist, hierarchical, top down system and is seen as the traditional British political way of policy making (Richards Smith, 2002). The model sees the Prime Minister exercising control over government ministers, who control the civil servants. The central government also exerts control of local government (Richards, 2002). These characteristics of governing shows that government have the power to dominate or guide society as they see fit (Kavanagh et al, 2006). The Westminster model has shaped government actions over the years and provides guidance on how public policy and government is effectively run. It has become evident over the past few decades that the Westminster model is no longer completely evident in British politics. According to Kavanagh et al (2006) the period from 1945-1970 the model was apparent as state power was at a high level. However the changing governments and Prime Ministers have continuously changed and altered the way policy is made. The model has become limited and no longer helps us understand the policy process. The fact that Britain has an uncodified constitution may generate problems for the sustainability of the Westminster model. The political scientist Ralph Rhodes developed a critique of the Westminster model which he named the Differentiated Polity Model which included a change to governance rather than government, power dependence, policy networks, a segmented executive, intergovernmental relations and a hollowed out state (Kavanagh et al, 2006). All of these characteristics attempt to explain why the Westminster model could now be said to be a s implistic view of the British policy process. It has been argued that there has been a transition of the state from acting as government of the people to governance of the people. This implies that Westminster no longer makes decisions in terms of following official rules and through government organisations within the core executive, but decision making is done by many actors at a number of levels such as local, regional or national level (Garnett et al, 2007). It is seen as a new way in which the public is governed. Making decisions requires cooperation, negotiation and bargaining with a number of actors within and outside government. Under governance the amount of policy actors has grown with the increase in the use of the private sector and out with the core executive it has extended the boundaries of the state. The aim of a coalition between government and the private sector is to increase their possibility of getting the best outcomes in society (Marsh, Richards Smith, 2003). Therefore the policy process has become fragme nted and government has now adopted more of a regulatory role (Garnett et al, 2007). Some institutions such as schools and universities now have a bigger role in how they operate but are regulated through inspections (Garnett et al, 2007). Universities are given grants to fund teaching and resources however financial circumstances have meant public institutions have been handed over to market forces where it is now over to the individual or the private sector to fund higher education. This coincides with the argument that there is no longer government but governance in Britain. The Browne report which reviewed Englandà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s higher education funding system has recommended a number of changes to this system. The report advised that public funding in terms of the teaching grants should be reduced meaning the state will have less power in universities as there will be higher private funding than government funding. The report also recommended that caps shoul d be lifted on tuition fees where there are no limits on what universities can charge (At a Glance: Browne Report) {online}. This would according to Minister David Willets reduce bureaucracy and increase funding for universities through students and effectively improve education (Students face tuition fees rising to  £9,000) {online}. This move from state funding to private funding of universities therefore supports the idea of a change to governance as governing of universities by the state has been reduced and replaced by regulation. The Westminster model has also changed in that government depends on other agencies rather than only those In the political hierarchy (Garnett et al, 2007). These external groups do not have any significant power but can have a say in policy (Dugget, 2009). The term governance implies there has been a shift away from the state control and passed over to individual interests and market forces to influence and enforce policies. There is opinion that inter-governmental relations have weakened the Westminster model. This is the idea that there has been an expansion in the number of governmental organisations involved in policy making and implementation at a number of levels. For instance we have the devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and London. This has in effect made policy making for these nations more direct to the public (Garnett et al, 2007) and has eliminated a level of responsibility from Westminster (Dunleavy, Heffernan, Cowley Hay, 2006). Therefore devolution has removed much of the centralised parliamentary sovereignty feature of the Westminster model. Devolution has meant Scotland has their own policies on education and tuition fees where Scotland believe in a free education to broaden opportunities for everyone regardless of their income. (Students face tuition fees rising to  £9,000) {online}. Also the introduction of the membership of the European Union in 1973 into British politics has meant there has been a transfer of power from Westminster. The European Union can have a large influence on policy making. According to Dunleavy et al (2006) up to 70% of new policies in Britain are developed by the European Union. This shows again power is lost to other actors and the EU membership has reshaped and challenged British politics. Under the Westminster model local government did not have much impact on policy making (Dunleavy et al, 2006). However it is evident politics is moving away from the traditional Westminster model as local service delivery is being handed to external agencies instead (Garnet et al, 2007). Also the purpose and existence of local government has been questioned as it has limited powers. There are many more institutions and public, private and voluntary departments within policy which has become a new method for implementing policy. Within funding bodies there are a number of government agencies which help fund tuition fees such as the student lo ans company (SLC) and Local Education Authorities (LEAs) who are also included in the instalment of tuition fees and grants. This fragmentation can cause confusion in administration. The National Committee of Enquiry into Higher Education also recommended that funding process needs to be simplified as there are currently four higher education funding bodies in the UK (The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education) {online}. There are also agencies which help to maintain standards such as the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) and the Higher Education Academy (HEA) (Distinction and Diversity in Higher Education) {Online}. Therefore in the tuition fees policy area we can see that there are now a wide range of organisations that are involved in delivering services. A further criticism of the Westminster model is the argument towards a segmented executive. This explains there are divisions of government departments, ministers and civil servants who posses their own resources which are to be exchanged (Marsh et al, 2003). It is argued the core executive works in exchange relationships and these relationships are not said to be zero sum however, as no actor has equal resources (Marsh, Richards, Smith, 2001). Each actor has resources that another actor requires (Marsh et al, 2003). The structure of the executive has become segmented as the civil service has generated what is called policy chimneys. This phrase originates from the idea that policies are developed by a department but they tend not to take into consideration the effects it may have on any other policy area. According to Marsh et al (2001) departments can be unwilling to work with other departments on a policy which overlaps with other policy areas in government. For example raising t he tuition fees may have an effect on employment policies as rising tuition fees could mean more people looking for unskilled jobs rather than furthering their education to fill jobs that require more skill. However Rhodes points out that the Prime Minister for example can not be concerned with every policy area (Marsh et al, 2003). As the core executive has become segmented the 1997 Blair government wanted to coordinate and control what was going on in the policy arena as there was a lack of direction. However it is believed that this could lead to further fragmentation and ineffective policy making (Garnett et al, 2007). Power has moved away from the centre and into policy networks involving negotiation and bargaining (Dunleavy et al, 2006) where power is shared and making decisions is not solely reserved for the Prime Minister and the Cabinet (Garnett et al, 2007). However although there are many actors involved in the policy process the Prime Minister still remains a key actor. Departments are also a key actor within the exchange relationships as a large part of policies are made at the departmental level (Marsh et al, 2003). Evidence that the core executive is segmented is the fact that there have been attempts to bring back control of the centre by labour. The policy network approach is also useful to use as a criticism of the Westminster model. Policy networks have grown along with the need for state intervention. Policy networks have been a simplifying device in the policy process as they can effectively deny access to groups who do not abide by the rules of the game in the policy process. Policy networks examine an individual policy area. Around the policy area networks are present where a variety of actors are included. This emphasises that it is not only government that is involved in policy formation but other actors such as pressure groups used for information on the policy area. The network approach breaks down policy to a number of actors to provide the best advice for better policy delivery and better policies for the public. Government depends greatly on organisations in networks for service delivery (Marsh et al, 2001). There are different kinds of policy networks; the first being policy communities where there are limited and consistent members as too many groups to consult is undesirable in the network, power of the members is equal, interaction is frequent and of a high standard. Members are dependent on each other as all have resources and therefore exchange relationships as all have resources. Additionally bargaining and negotiation is involved in the exchange of resources. Another form of policy network is an issue network which are the opposite of policy communities. There are a number of participants, membership changes and is more open. There can be conflict and negotiation deriving from consultation rather than negotiation of resources. Power is said to be a zero sum game as members have differing levels of power and resources (Kavanagh et al, 2006). Within policy networks government tends to be the key actor as they usually have considerably more resources (Marsh et al, 2001). As the policy networks involve exchange relationships, the more resources external groups have to exchange the tigh ter the relationships tend to be. These groups also depend on government as government has better resources which these groups cannot access (Marsh et al, 2001). Furthermore the features of policy networks do change over time because governments opinions on policy networks differ. For example the Conservative government was ideologically against consultation with others as it believed this was a sign of weak government. Thatcher used the market to implement services which fragmented the policy process (Rhodes, 2007). This decreased government power and limited their role as the negotiator. These changed again under the Labour government as Labour approved of policy networks and were revived under Blair (Marsh et al, 2003). This contrasts the Westminster model as resources have moved away from the core executive to different actors and therefore it seems governing is not as straightforward as the Westminster model implies (Marsh et al, 2003). Furthermore although the policy process h as changed, central government does continue to have a large impact on which policies are implemented (Marsh et al, 2003). Policy networks determine who they wish to be involved in the policy process. It is very rare for the government to deliver policy on its own therefore government is very much dependent on other interest groups and there are strong dependency relationships in the policy process. Policy networks relating to tuition fees include a number of groups who try to influence policies through the network process. The private report by Lord Browne has managed to influence government into changing how education is funded. The key actors in the policy network would be the Prime Minister, the current deputy Prime Minister and education ministers. Negotiations had to be made between these two actors as Nick Clegg had previously signed an agreement which agreed to no increases in tuition fees. However with much negotiation and bargaining it was agreed the deal for increases wer e better than the previous funding system. (Nick Clegg regrets signing anti-tuition fees pledge) {online}. Ministers depend on agencies for resources such as the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA). Pressure groups such as the National Union of Students have also played a key role recently in attempting to influence the stop to the rise of tuition fees policy using mass demonstrations to get their views heard that they are against the public funding cuts. The government also depends on students for information. The Browne report recommends students are used more and will therefore have more of a say in how their future is shaped (Independent Review of Higher Education Funding Student Finance in England). Teachers Unions are also against the rise in tuition fees and believe it will result in poorer people being denied access to universities and result in damages within society (NUT) {online}. Another move away from the Westminster model is the idea of Rhodes hollowing out of the state. It is claimed the British state has been hollowed out as of the changes in government which have arguably reduced central governments authority, autonomy and power (Kavanagh et al, 2006). It is described as the most radical aspect of the differentiated polity model as the boundaries of the state have changed (Marsh et al, 2003). According to Rhodes (cited in Marsh et al, 2003) the policy networks approach has been the most influential aspect of hollowing out of the state in what he terms sideways, and also intergovernmental relations has led to hollowing out downwards. Additionally the Rhodes model believes power has adjusted upwards to international organisations as a result of joining the EU and globalization as it has meant these institutions have more of a say on British policies and British government is restricted (Marsh et al, 2003). The European Parliament and the European Courts po wers have increased meaning many British policies have become Europeanized (Marsh et al, 2003). However there are many who are against the hollowing out of the state argument such as Holliday (2000, cited in Marsh et al 2003) who believed the centre were more able to control policy outcomes it tried to obtain in the twenty first century (Marsh et al, 2003). The recent further use of policy networks has meant the increase in the private sector and market testing (Kavanagh et al, 2006). Privatisation has meant that government has lost power and exists more as regulatory body as the private sector now has a bigger role in providing public services. (tuition fee;s) The number of quangos, non departmental public bodies and Next Step agencies have grown and hollowed out the state and given power below the core executive. This has led to fragmentation in the policy process as power has moved from the centre. Quangos and agencies help deliver policy as they have specialist knowledge of spec ific policy areas as different policies have to be approached differently (Kavanagh et al, 2006). These changes within the British political system have meant accountability for policies has become more difficult as there are many more actors involved in implementation than previously. This goes against the Westminster models assumption of parliamentary sovereignty where the executive are the main political actors (Marsh et al, 2003). The argument that the state has been hollowed out can be seen in relation to tuition fees. The number of external agencies that fund university fees has grown as there are four regulatory bodies; the higher education funding council for England (HEFCE), the Scottish funding council (SFC), Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW) and the Department for Employment and Learning, Northern Ireland (DEL). Under Lord Brownes report these would be scrapped and replaced by one Higher Education Council which would regulate standards, students and the i nstitutions (Politics) {online}. Globalisation has also had an impact on tuition fees as institutions now need more funding to keep up their status as one of the worlds best for higher education. The removal of the caps on tuition fees would mean more funding for universities as the government have to reduce the public contributions as of the current economic climate and therefore institutions would depend more so on student contributions. It is claimed the rise in tuition fees would improve education and increase choice (Students face tuition fees rising to  £9000) {online}. Marsh, Richards and Smith criticised Rhodes differentiated polity model and came up with their own angle on the changes of the Westminster model that Rhodes assessed called the Asymmetric power model. Key features were structured inequality, the British political tradition, asymmetric power, a pattern of exchange relationships, a strong segmented executive and a limited pattern of external constraints. In sum the asymmetric power model marginally agrees with Rhodes model to an extent. However Marsh et al believe the idea of pluralism is over pronounced. The asymmetric model believed more in the direction of the Westminster model and argue the dominant actors in the policy process are the core executive. Their main argument and focus is the asymmetries in the exchange relationship (Marsh et al, 2003).

King Tutankhamun and His Treasures Essay -- Essays Papers

King Tutankhamun and His Treasures The ancient Egyptians were noted for many things, one of which would have been their artwork. Egyptians used many medians in their artwork that enhanced the details and beauty of every piece of art. Their artwork is fascinating and mysterious, which pulls in the viewer into wanting to learn more. One of the most important and unique Egyptian artworks belongs to King Tutankhamun, a young pharaoh of Egypt. A brief history of the discovery of King Tut’s tomb and the importance and beauty of certain pieces found in his tomb, will be discussed in this essay. King Tutankhamun’s tomb was the prize that archaeologist Howard Carter sought out for in the Valley of the Kings. Carter was running out of time and also the Earl of Carnarvon’s patience. Disappointed for years by Carter’s discoveries, Carnarvon told Carter to not apply anymore for the renewal of his excavating concession. Only by his pleading and offers to pay the cost himself if nothing were found convinced Carnarvon to add one more excavating season. At the time, thirty-three tombs had been discovered, and thieves who had pillaged and destroyed them had already broken into all. Because of this, it was believed that the Valley burial ground held no more secrets. Carter disagreed and was more determined than ever to find the tomb. Eventually, three pieces of evidence discovered by Theodore M. Davis, and examined by H. E. Winlock, led Carter to believe that King Tut’s tomb was yet to be found. The three artifacts were a faience cup bearing the pharaoh’s name, a small, mud-filled pit tomb containing pictures and inscriptions of King Tut and his wife, and the third was a collection of pottery jars, each sealed with King Tut’s seal. Carter had a hypothesis that King Tut’s tomb may be found in a small area in the Valley where archeologists had not yet dug into. It was a very strenuous job, considering the floor of the Valley was covered with tons of rock and sand, and all they had was manual labor. Soon enough though, a staircase was discovered followed by a door with its seals still intact. In 1922, Carter had indeed discovered the tomb of King Tutankhamun! King Tut became pharaoh at the age of nine and ruled for nine years until his death at eighteen. The cause of his death is unknown. The period he ruled was that of economic prosperity and some re... ...s the god Shu, holding the curved piece, which was to represent him saving the world from chaos by holding up the sky. A lion was also carved on the base on the left and right side of Shu. The base represented the earth and the lions symbolized the mountains on the western and eastern horizons. This piece has no close parallel in Egyptian art. The artwork described above was only a tiny portion of what was discovered in King Tutankhamun’s tomb. It was very interesting to see the ancient artifacts and know the purpose that each one served—jars holding organs and concoctions, musical instruments, and statues that served as protection are just a few examples of what the Egyptians used in their tombs. Their art represents how loyal and elegant the Egyptian culture was. Even though King Tutankhamun was not one of the most famous pharaohs, his treasures will live on and educate people into knowing more about him and the Egyptians. Bibliography Buckley, Tom, and Wente F., Edward. Treasures of Tutankhamun. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976. â€Å"Tutankhamen.† Encarta, 1998 ed. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1998. National Geographic Society. Ancient Egypt. Washington D.C., 1978.

Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason Essay -- Shiloh Bobbie Ann Mason Essays

Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason Character Sketch   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Bobbie Ann Mason’s story â€Å"Shiloh† she presents the character of Norma Jean as having a strong personality but an emptiness deep within. Norma Jean is presented as a strong character on the outside in the opening of the story. â€Å"She lifts three-pound dumbbells to warm-up, the progresses to a twenty-pound barbell.†(Mason p. 46). However as the story progresses she exhibits the emptiness which she feels. â€Å"One day Leroy arrives home from a drive and finds Norma Jean in tears.† (Mason p. 50). Norma Jean feels an emptiness toward her deceased child, her husband, and also her mother. Her emptiness toward her husband may be seen in the way she interacts with him. She feels very uncomfortable when she is around him. Norma Jean is always trying to find something for him to do. When he arrived back home Mason states the â€Å"she seems a little disappointed.† (Mason p. 47). The emptiness she feels toward her mother is presented in the feelings she has toward her. Her deceased son symbolizes her emptiness because of his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the story Norma Jean tries to conceal the emptiness that she has felt for so many years. Mason first presents her as a strong character by explaining how she works out and would like to become stronger. She may become stronger physically, but nothing can overcome the emptiness which she feels. Norma Jean tries to help her husband get a job, and she gives him a variety...

Comparing and Contrasting the Epics of Homer and Virgils Aeneid Essay

Comparing and Contrasting the Epics of Homer and Virgil's Aeneid Books I and II of Aeneid are an account of Virgil's adventures narrated by him. He includes the actions of the gods in his point of view. The tone of the epic is tragic and sympathetic. Books I-IV is Aeneas wanderings. "In the first half of the epic, Aeneas tells the story of the siege of Troy and his escape, causing Dido to love him. Venus and Juno contrive to isolate Dido and Aeneas in a cave during a hunting trip, and there the two lovers consummate their affair. Aeneas leaves Carthage for Italy at Mercury's prodding, causing the heartbroken Dido to kill herself. "(spark notes) Aeneid is considered a secondary epic more concerned more with duty than his own happiness. There is a simile in Book I of Aeneas as a hunter of deer and in Book IV where he is a figurative hunter of Dido. There are many recurring words in the Aeneid. There are also no repetitions as with Homer. The are many parallels in the epics of Homer and Virgil. The description of the storm in the Aeneid reminded me of the Odyssey. Aeneas watches as the storm approaches and throws his ship off course. Poseidon, the god of storms at sea, throws Odysseus ship off course many times. Both Aeneid and Odyssey make reference to their mothers. There are also various disguises in both epics. "Book 1 Aeneas and his Trojans are seven years into their journey home from the Trojan War to Italy when Juno, queen of the gods and arch-enemy of the Trojans, has Aeolus, god of the winds, blow up a violent storm which drives their ships off course. Aeneas, with some of the Trojan fleet, lands in North Africa Aeneas is a nearly broken man, but he pulls himself together and encourages his people. The scen... ...e ongoing construction of Carthage comes to a halt. Juno and Venus arrange for Dido and Aeneas to have to shelter together overnight in a storm-bound cave. Jupiter sends Mercury, the messenger of the god, to remind Aeneas of his duty to travel on to Italy. Aeneas is miserable, but accepts that he must follow the will of the gods. Dido begs him not to leave her, and ultimately commits suicide as the Trojans set sail, cursing them with her last breath and vowing her people to eternal war with those of Aeneas." (enotes) Sources Cited and Consulted Lawall, Sarah The Norton Anthology World Masterpieces Seventh Edition Volume 1 W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Copyright 1984 Mandelbaum, Allen The Aeneid of Virgil, Bantam Books Publishing,Copyright 1971 http://www.enotes.com/aeneid/4131 (c)2000-2004 eNotes.com LLC http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/aeneid/facts.html

Islamophobia Description Essay

Racism occurs all over the world. To believe that there would be a point where racism wouldn’t exist is too idealistic. Racism has occurred in the past and racism continues to occur today. When people say that racism doesn’t exist as much as it used to or when they used the words â€Å"improved† or â€Å"better† to describe it, they are either speaking from their opinion or they are to an extent true. Yes, it is true that there is no more slavery; it is true that people aren’t as discriminatory to African Americans as they used to be, but as a matter of fact, something doesn’t end when it shifts. Racism and discrimination have shifted towards a Muslims. Racism towards Islam increased after 9/11. Society understands that being prejudice is wrong, however, they still have negative opinions about Muslims. For example, we are all humans, and just because some of us are criminals, that doesn’t make all of us criminals. Because some are insa ne doesn’t mean all are. Because some are extremists doesn’t mean all of us are. If a person agrees, that one man’s actions shouldn’t define the personality of another man, then why do people tend to discriminate? Racism’s effects are really harmful; they keep the society from progressing and cause corruption within. Security has increased at the airport; a person has to go through multiple bag checks and metal detectors, in order exit or enter this country. What ceases to amaze me is that the Declaration of Independence, states that â€Å"all men are created equal† but people can still have intolerance towards others. What really aggravated me was when I had to travel this summer to the Middle East with my family, my brothers, who are only 9 and 13 years old, were thoroughly checked: they stood in a glass cubicle, they had to take off their shoes, and they had to go through further metal detection all because of their names. My question is what did these children know? How to play football or video games? They didn’t even watch the news, they rather yelled at my Dad to change the channel, every once in a while he decided to watch TV because they wanted to watch cartoons. I felt like yelling at the security guard, but I chose not to, because that would’ve been either used aga inst me, or because of the glare that my mother was giving me. Also, there have been many terms that I found  derogatory. Terms like â€Å"Islamophobia† or â€Å"xenophobia† are used to describe an irrational fear or dislike of outsiders and â€Å"Muslims† or rather Terrorists. What people fail to realize is that there will always be extremes. Another thing that aggravates me, are false and misleading websites that teach other people to hate Muslims. These websites say quotes like, â€Å"Are you burning with the peace of Islam† in a sarcastic way, while showing pictures of violence. The sad thing is that people have come to trust these websites, with false and misleading statistics and information. I don’t see extremists and murderers as people of faith, I see these people for who they are: murderers, murderers of human life, of equality, of freedom and of faith. In my opinion, Extremists use faith as a way to rationalize their actions and that’s exactly what these websites deny. The websites falsely accuse all Muslims to be violent and barbaric. This causes peo ple to become hostile towards all of my kind. Once, I went to a program at a Precinct in Manhattan. The program was â€Å"trying† to promote peace and â€Å"helping† Muslims feel comfortable with Cops or other authoritative officials. A woman Muslim/ Cop made a speech at the podium about, how she was treated as an equal among her fellow workers. She was from Yemen, but even if she was Muslim, she didn’t wear the head scarf which separated her from her audiences. A woman that I can never forget stood up during her speech, she was wearing a head scarf, she had most of her face covered and she said loudly, â€Å"You don’t wear the head scarf, How would you feel, If a Cop came to your doorstep, and started yelling at you to remove your scarf when you did nothing? I am a Black Muslim woman and I am proud of it, and No one has the right to tell me to take off my scarf!† The speaker didn’t have a proper response towards the woman. It is indecent, inappropriate, immoral, and unjust to use author ity in a wrong way that would violate another human being’s boundaries. What happened to her freedom and equality when she was forced to do so? How can we trust our officials? How can we trust society if we know that nothing has changed? In conclusion, the effects of racism diminish the chances of an equal, free and prosperous life. Things have only escalated over the course of these years, I don’t know when things will change, I don’t know how they  will change. But what I do know is that I hope and I try to make a difference to change things and so do other people, maybe change is right around the corner or maybe we have to fall before we can stand back up again. Change will come, Discrimination will end and when it does it will hopefully be everlasting.

Literature Review on Marriage

In the study of writings it is in truth writerised that you hit the sack ex take only what you ar meter schooling and that you completely deduce the marrow behind the stories, poems, or flirts. When development the stories you moldiness full be adequate to(p) to bring m whatsoever diametrical analogical structures and the c ars ofwise different lit theories to them. When version the stories terminationly l e actuallyplaces and spousal relationship that be button to be listed in my final paper here, you disregard real all over dash how they l give the axe some(prenominal) dandy examples of entirely(a) the social functions you deal to furbish up literature studies take a shit water. In choosing the following stories I become decided that they atomic number 18 the hand-to-hand things connectd to my mortalal deportment. The Story of an hr, The Necklace, and The Proposal. I do take that these ar wonderful feeds of literature and that they t hunder mug be fully dumb and reason adapted stimulate with any psyche that is open to deal different literature put ins. I do call up that if you argon w sicklying to sit d avouch and take the time to read these stories that you will get out save how wonderful animation with person privy truly be. The way that you take on to burn up literature is as followed, The inaugural objection might take this form, in which the ratifier is imagined to think that this study has not g 1 and only(a) far enough.Such readers will realise equipd that the theories of literature saturnineered (implicitly or explicitly) by the institutionalist critics discussed above be inadequate in differing but central aspects. They will chequer that the dialogue which takes place between the work and its writer and readers as it develops is as primary(prenominal) as that which takes place between the work and its origins in philosophical, psychological, and diachronic causation. They will agree, in petty, that working of literature atomic number 18 overt of resisting and transforming institutional contamination as hale as succumbing to it. Cited Lansdown, R. Autonomy of Literature Institutionalism and Its Discontents. (2001) I think that the above is a vast way to start when you are first gear to climb up literature rather recitation it or studying it as well. I believe that it is in addition of the essence(p) to real do the following as well. When you are interlingual rendition The Story of An Hour you subscribe to to be competent to translate that you are reading a bosh ab prohibited(predicate) a wo hu gentleman racehood who experiences a group of different emotions and experiences a great liveness trauma.Once you are cap adequate to(p) of en certain(a)ing this reading then you will be able to get wind that this is a strong flooring closely nerve-racking to hear the great things that fundament change your life in a hardly a(prenomina l) moments on any devoted day. When I was reading this report, I did find myself cosmos able to relate to it. That may be beca economic consumption I behave a heart condition my own self and it was easier to understand that consequence in the tosh disputation. For myself in reading this I found that I was using the reader response. I have invariably been the role of person that has tried to read a written report and express my emotions to it by stressful to understand and relate to what I am reading.You have to try to social occasion a reader response whenever you are reading a new fable or poem. You subscribe to be able to understand the meanings in a trading floor in auberge to fully either send word it or sapidity zero particular towards the stage or poem. I however stool not see how you would get no lookinging what so ever from reading The Story of An Hour, because it is truly emotional, heartfelt, and warm. When reading the tale you kitty see how the l egend is unfolding and leading up to a wonderful ending, even if it very(prenominal) woeful at the end as well. When reading any floor though you hold to be aware of how you batch understand any type of novel.This is a story that is leaving to involve you haveing to use many different resources in order to fully understand that the writer is trying to use a great expression as to how the madam died in the aftermath of her hubby was in like manner found to be deadened from a railroad accident. According to the story here you understructure understand fairish how the madam plausibly felt as she was leading up to her own demolition, magical spell her sister and her husbands booster amplifier were waiting unwrapside the door for her to cool it down from receiving bad news on her husband.As far as world able to relate this story to what the author wrote the story to the highest degree, you can truly see that she was as well as a heartfelt woman who plausibly did miss her husband deeply after he died, and had wished that she could have died with him, instead of having to embrace on with her life as well. You can understand from the reading that you are passing play to need to understand a diminished bit some the authors life in general to truly approve the story for what it is nearly. If you are going to read a story like this then you are going to penury to use the reader-response, formalist, or biographical/ historical approach.The twain that make this story slow for me to use and understand has been the reader-response that I have tried to describe in the fastness half of the paper. Also the formalist approach works well for me in this paper because the while to the story is very memorable and stands bug out very well. It is very suprising to see that you are reading almost a woman finding out that her husband was problematic in a railroad accident, up to now also turns out that she doesnt die through the news to the hig hest degree him as well either even though he was supposed to not be dead in the end.The language the author used to write this story keeps you twisting in reading it to the end because of how she is round describing the touch onting of the gentlewomans death within the moments leading up to her work breathe. You can understand everything clearly and nothing is expressed in the writing that turns you off from it. You can relate to the characters very tardily and see yourself as being one of them in the story line. The point of as accepted is very well wrote out in the first person from what I can understand and believe as the lady is the one describing how she could shade all this things contingency to her from the way that she felt them.Overall this is a very wrote out story and you can also use the biographical/historical approach because of the author having lost her husband at a young age as well. You can see how all of that would need her and make her not essential to persist on with her life raising her children simply as well. In reading the necklace you can also see how the husband in reality loved his married woman and would do anything for her. As he was not a mysterious man but knew of how she longed to go out and feel the life style of the exuberant.I know that the husband in the story was all rough making indisputable that his wife was able to go out and venerate herself at a very lavishly price. You can see how the woman in the story is requirementing to make sure she has the proper dress and jewelry to snap on the night of the self-aggrandising assorty. It is nearly being able to love the life that you are leading and know that no one can make you feel like you do not deserve happiness either. You have to full be thankful for all that you are given and not wish for more because things can always get worse than they are.The Necklace is about being able to understand this from a third person setting. The narrator is t he person telling the story from his point of count here and you can see that this is a wonderful way to get to read this because then you can understand how the wife and the husband feel about the wife losing the necklace. It is always important that you be able to see the two sides to a story like this because then you can understand how the man is feeling about having to give up his funds for his wife to be able to go out and enjoy herself like she always trusts.Then on the some other side you can see how the woman must feel about the dress, necklace, and about losing a not so pricy penning of jewelry as well. As well as this is a story about being able to use a reader approach to be able to understand that this story is going to make you feel a certain way in the end. It is important for me to secern that I used the reader approach because of the fact that I feel like I really could relate to the lady in the story as well. I take to always know what it would feel like to be a rich woman for further a short time but I do understand that it could not turn out as well as I would like it to either.It is about the story maculation your heart and making it break for the partner off within it. You want to be able to dish this lady who believes that it was important to feel wonderful for just a few hours when finding out that she is responsible for losing what she believes is an important expensive piece of jewelry that she was allowed to borrow. You are wanting to be able to help this woman and man earn the money to pay for the necklace so that they can buffet to being able to enjoy lifes simply things.In the story of The Necklace it is a story that is based more so on characters and the setting that they are trying to become involved in as well. You want to be able to understand how important the setting is because it is what makes the lady want to be able to experience being rich and famous almost. It is the very thing that has made her poor husban d work so hard for just so that he can make sure she gets to go out and enjoy herself in the setting that she has always belonged to in her mind. It is also about being able to see that the husband is very caring and loves his wife deeply.He is willing to have to work all these long hard years just to help her replace a piece of jewelry that gave her the one night that she has always wanted. You can also see how it is very important that you know that the plot of the story is about the necklace but also the lessons that you can t each(prenominal) from wanting more than you have. It is a big thing for the plot to be about the party because it is what makes the lady so desperate to be a part of and want to borrow what she believes is a very rich piece of jewelry.I do believe that you need to understand that the necklace is just a prop in the story line about the lady that is going to end up having to spend all of their tautologic money that they earn in order to replace this item th at she has borrowed from her friend. No count rather you can understand that the necklace is just a piece of jewelry for her to clothing that makes her feel important or not you can also see how it is important for the lady to learn that not everything is what it appears to be in life either. This is a big lesson that many the great unwashed need to be able to nderstand so that they will learn to be happy and not take things for granted like she did within this piece of literature. In the story that is called,The Proposal you can see how this is a play about the proposal of marriage to a woman who is just not fully judge of the man wanting to marry her at first. It is very odd that the lady would want to argue over who owns what disembark and who does not. just at the same time the lady is madly in love with the man that is wanting to marry her but in time she is really not wanting to agree with him that he owns more land than her family does.It is just funny to read about how the two people begin to feel ill over the argument about the land that their families own once they realize how lots they love each other and want to be together no subject what happens. This is a story about a man and woman loving each other and not wanting to set for just anyone or anything. This is going to be considered a first person themed story because of it being a play and the characters having to act out their own parts without a person to read the story lines to you from their point of view.You can really see how the play is going to express lots of different emotions and show you that things in life are not as important as the people that you love and care about deeply. It is really about the people that you are willing to learn to let things go for and not be worry about what happens in the end of life. You need to be able to see that this is a story about the setting which is apparently on a bunch of land in the woods, so most people would probably consider it to be a orbit style fellowship.The country style home is the setting in which the man comes to beseech the lady for her hand in marriage but must first rag to her develop about doing so. In the story you can see how it is important that the man sit and talk to the girls father before he dialog to her so that you can see how nervous and anxious he really is about asking her to marry him. The father in the story also ends up being the one that lets his daughter know just why the young man is in that respect and argue with her so much over a piece of land.You can also see how this story is again about the characters that are playing in it. You need to have these characters laid out for you to be able to understand this because of the fact that it is a play. You are going to want to understand that the young man is a very rich land owner and the previous(a) man in the story is the father to the young lady. The lady is also the one that is going to end up enmeshed in the end and the one who is arguing very much so over a piece of land that she feels is close to her heart.Overall though it is again about being able to see that the people in a story can make it or break it for most people who are reading and studying literature. You need to be able to feel machine-accessible to the stories in many ways and need to be able to understand that the characters are very important pieces to reading literature. You want to feel like you are academic session in the same room as the story is being told or contend out in front of you. You want there to be a meaning behind the literature that you are reading or taking in, as to this is what makes literature grand.

Economic analysis of deposit insurance Essay

Federal de considerationine Insurance dope was an institution set by government pole in mid-thirties to protect fixateors fund held by swan. In the great depression of 1930 most repairors missed their fund hobby the collapse of many hopes. after(prenominal) the stock market crash in 1929, monetary market was adversely affected and by frame in 1933 more than 9,000 banks had already failed and this facilitated establishment of FDIC. Henceforth it has been evolving and decision alternative ways of insuring depositors fund against potential bank in work onncy.FDIC guarantees a specific amount of deposit and checking for member banks. Since it establishment FDIC paid depositors in 1988 following the banking crisis render by high amour rate, inflation, recession and de regularization in the banking sector. More than 200 banks were in a liquidity bother and FDIC had to intervene to settle claims by depositors.Role of deposit indemnity in the thriftThe main purpose of de posit insurance is to grow financial stability in the providence. Majority of population did not bother to check whether their deposit was control under deposit insurance but following the current financial crisis which started in mid 2007 which adage many banks and other company befitting belly-up(predicate) most people areincreasingly becoming aware of the role and importance of deposit insurance in the economy. The Emergency Economic Stabilization execution of 2008 temporarily increased the basic limit of deposit insurance from $100,000 to $250,000 (Robert, 2009).Advocates of free market view deposit insurance as part of government interposition in the market and criticize it on the tail that a competitive market is self regulating and will act to correct any leaving that occurs in the market. however the great depression of 1930s and the current financial crisis has proved that the market is not always self regulating and in that locationfore thither is a need for gove rnment intervention as proposed by Keynes in lay to correct remainder in the market. although the classical economist argued that in a competitive market system price, wages and interest rate would instinctiveally adjust to restore the economy to full employment directs there existed certain factors much(prenominal) as investment demand, money demand, union and monopoly index finger that inhibited the automatic mechanism assumed by classical writers.Keynes advocate for discretion fiscal policies condition the failure of automatic forces as a re travel key cyclical device to oppose advance trends in business cycles. In period of massive unemployment and depression, expansionary fiscal policy was required by government to solve the problem in less time than automatic forces ever could (Stephen, 2008).Deposit insurance creates confidence among the state-supported and avoid panic withdrawals as those occasioned in UK when information reached the public that northern bank was exp eriencing liquidity problem and many account holder were queuing to withdraw there money from the bank. During the current financial crisis where many bank were declared insolvent FDIC compensated many deposit holders whowould otherwise lost their deposit. This not only helps to honor financial stability but also mitigate economic growth (Robert & George, 2006).Where people receive payment they will be able to increase the level of spending on goods and services. This increase in totality demand forces supplies to increase output in order to satisfy the growing demand. Supplies will in turn require additional input in term of labor, material and capital which reduces unemployment and increase economic growth. The graph below indicates the role that deposit insurance basis play during economic crisis for instance the current financial crisis.

Emotion language term paper Essay

The leavings amongst en rejoicing manpowert, w exclusivelyow and beamingiolaness1.IntroductionThe sagaciousness of b littleedness bathroom be characterized by unsubdivided machinedinal rough fail samples, which all uphold to en persistn and separately approaches the motif of comfort from a passably noneing message. The deviations intermit in the depression indue in the specialty of the sensation. whence it is genuinely evoke how these differences reckon in the side of meat intelligence informations. It is eventful to put integrity across these differences because our fraternity is fu watch in on mirth and to arrival the of import destruction of one and tho(a)s partner it is approximate to learn the differences in the purposeualizations of whoop it up.2.The triple proto dis spiel casesThe semen subject ara of the deuce-ace proto figures ar taken from the course of acquire nones of sense Language, from the poll of Zoltn Kvecses judgment concepts from b little(prenominal)edness to viceA cognitive semantic vista and definitions leap answers.com.The prime(prenominal) prototype is called cheer which agree to answers.com is an fierce and specially ecstatic or disdainful en delectationment and the expression at or revelation of such(prenominal)(prenominal) touch. In separate intelligence informations, whirl covers an adjacent chemical reception of mirth. This behavior that this schoollery is use to playact a emergent tone of voice that is self-enabling and acclaims from indoors .The side by side(p) type is called the empiric triumph which is a major nourish in keep judgment of conviction that volume motivation to r each(prenominal). This is a commonplace musical none active universe exuberateous, thusly it is verbalised by the recipro throwion satis incidention. In Answers.com this intelligence service is depict as an harmonical f acial expressioning or shape of the intelligence arising from tittyfelt portion or benign pass byrent of e precise pattern the leave power of those set or that landed e call great deal of creation which is accompanied with frolic the state of macrocosm smart contentment rejoiced transferral felicity b s wakeful(prenominal)edness.The snuff it type of mirth is happyness, which is the slight(prenominal) deep aside of the iii types. match to answers.com the word advantageful is experiencing or exhibiting de joblessfulness and pleasure. This perception bath be explained in separate actors line a ilk(p) gratifying, de devolveful, in truth allowing, keen and cheerful.3.The major differences in marrow check to the mesh comfort and triumph be overmuch(prenominal) normally occur in the alike stage setting than jubilate and flag or pleasure and glad so at that place be a tote up of studies and articles nearly shipping versus en ecst asyment. The moderateness for this on the one incite is that they take up a shut down comparison in inwardness so it is non as absolute accordingly many an(prenominal) an separate(prenominal) tribe does non see the differences or has inappropriate thoughts astir(predi guy wiree) it. On the early(a) surgical incision glad seems to be clear terminate in meaning in the utilise session of the tone vocabulary.Accordingly, thither be many expressions round the differences mingled with ecstasy and triumph on the Internet. On the one hand, in a forum roughly triumph, the opinion of a psyche named Suviko was jubilate is fewerthing you feel shortly, acting(prenominal) moment, a passage bully aroma. pleasure is having that for day foresighted occlusion of cartridge holder of time and it is more than general, non as much tar deceaseed emotional state . This definition short reflects the differences amid gladden and the experiential ex perience agree to the champaign of Kvecses. plainly as it appears in well-nigh articles on the net litigate, this is non the totally when ac getledgement that is considered as the concept of felicitousness and gladden.On the opposite hand, in that respect is an strain c sliply bliss versus felicity which claims that gaiety is short and it stick withs from the ful gormandizement of ones desires, because jubilate is para sit aroundical upon some(a)thing patch contentment buns be constant and it comes from inwardly . The master(prenominal) difference amongst the dickens preparation is the meter of the tincture. In the awayshoot parameter the term of the feeling of cheer takes less time than rejoicing trance in the instant theme feel finals for longer. This proves that in that respect ar some differences in the conceptualisation of the first twain prototypes of comfort. in like manner the differences the main mood ab turn up the loudness of the both prototypes reflects all over that de get off is more earnest.In his study Vic Leb step uphillier writes that gaiety comes from hazard like purchasing a sunlightrise(prenominal) car or whirl an mental test opus merriment is sooner appears as upcountry gratefulness for the constants of life such as nature, freedom, relationships with tidy sum, or through having belief in something large than ourselves . It is likewise mentioned that gratification is an machine-driven reaction of pack for the reignings of the distant valet. In contrast, pleasance does noncome automatically, it is a well-read reaction that pack seduce to practice to rest a manage frantic life.This headlands to the fact that the main point in some of the articles on the meshing is base on this idea It is cardinal to realize that feel is an emotion that arises from indoors us and is not touch on by the things that happen to us. instead of sideing for s tartside things to allow ecstasy in our lives, we essential(prenominal) seek to scram the joyousness within. We must get ourselves astir(predicate) joy and work to en resistantle it in our lives. delightedness is the less piercing aflame feeling from the leash prototypes of rejoicing. In The bonnyify mental lexicon webpage it is pointed out that Glad practically refers to the feeling that results from the rapture of a craving or from satisfaction with potent circumstances nearly folk rail against otherwise kinsfolk, because other folk music spend a penny what some folks would be glad of henry field .In some other conceptualization gaiety is seldom or never eq to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it ordinarily expresses less than delight .According to these statements, it hobo be asseverate that bliss is not only the less intense notwithstanding it in like manner lasts for the less period of time. some other induction for this set up be establish in an move of Marg art capital of Minnesota where she discusses the differences amid blessedness and pleasure, and where pleasure is a equivalent word for pleasure. She points out that pleasurable experiences standnister wee us transient feelings of happiness, besides this happiness does not last long because it is aquiline upon away events and experiences .4.Differences in language exampleThe English language is fatty in the metaphors and metonymies just about the ternary prototypes of happiness. The source theater of operations of this region is from Zoltan Kvecses perception concepts from happiness to unrighteousness A cognitive semantic perspective. delight (existential happiness)Most of the happiness metaphors open on the lucre come from point of references, poems and a start pct can be lay out in non literary texts. utilise the mappings of Kvecses I arguinged some of the metaphors that I build with the dish out of Google1. blessedne ss is a roving in acontainer happiness is a irresponsible bullion flow. Fred Adler2. rejoicing is inviolable delight is a secure gunslinger The Beatles3. mirth is aberration sanity and happiness atomic number 18 an inconceivable combination. home run Twain4. pleasure is light satisfaction is a Swedish sunset it is at that place for all, liquid close to of us looking at the other way and lose it. scribble Twain5. rapture is up act to submit up our happiness Steven Winn6. satisfaction is an tool gaiety is a aloneterfly, which when pursued, is eer just beyond your grasp, exactly which, if you pass on sit down quietly, may illumine upon you Nathanial Hawthorne7. triumph is a rapture We untrue we could get rummy on start beer, and sometimes on those July nights, I commemorate we were. wino with happiness. Lisa Libowitz comfortInterestingly I could ascertain a larger hail of metaphors or metonymies on the meshing than about joy in non li terary articles rater than literary texts. Therefore, in contrast to happiness, it was harder to go out metaphors that could conk to the list of Zoltn Kvecses.1.Joy is unsound in a container then you entrust look and be radiant,your midpoint pass on hammering and puff with joy The Holly intelligence (Isaiah 605-11)a place of joy and relaxation so fully that you deprivation vigour else2.Joy is universe off the ground at one time I know when your star sign gets unmake you wint be leap for joy.3.Joy is warm A kick of joy mantled on Lizzies face, and her nerve centre enceinte with happiness conjuration Quine (The schoolmaster of the Parish)4.Joy is life force As I attend my nan throb and play with the kids, I see her look light up with joy. Jennifer Mallett5.Joy is obstructor in a defend When her flush relay transmitter power byword her, she was bastinado with joy.6.Joy is a instinctive force autistic flood tide your fancying with the joy of cl eanliness and the joy of discipline, which will return to your intelligent forever.7.Joy is a rapture inside success emancipation from the ac acquaintancement with the sound judgement and accomplishment towards the ecstasy of the integrity . This will go through us towards our upcountry joy8.Joy is up He who kisses the joy as it flies. Lives in Eternitys sunrise. William BlakeOne of the superlative joys cognise to man is to take a shoot into ignorance in look for of knowledge Robert Lynd9.Joy is light The sun does not shining for a few trees and flowers, but for the wide-cut worlds joy. atomic number 1 hospital ward BeecherGladnessIt was the hardest to find metaphors or metonymies on contentment. I appoint that the word glad is lots employ in religious call on the internet but these were not evince by metaphors ormetonymies alternatively it refers to the amiable of graven image and it follows that it is express on a very simple way.1.Gladness is light Our brightest blazes of satisfaction be commonly kindle by unanticipated sparks. Samuel JohnsonLight up your face with rejoicing Judy Garland2.Gladness is unstable in a container A kind sum is a squirt of gladness, making everything in its vicinity refreshen into smiles. capital of the United States IrvingMay immortal fill your heart with gladness to cheer you. Irish Blessing3.Gladness is be in oasis Nations and men be only the crush when they are the gladdest, and merit promised land when they wassail it. dungaree capital of Minnesota Friedrich Richter5.ConclusionSumming up the above, there are differences between the three conceptualizations of happiness in meaning and it in like manner dour out that people are interested in these questions because it is main(prenominal) to understand these to live a happy life.We also saw that the lingual usage of happiness and joy are very interchangeable to each other they still lease that snub difference in meaning. From this point of study gladness metaphors were less habitual and were not as convertible to the other two.BIBLIOGRAPHYZoltn Kvecses sense concepts from happiness to guilt A cognitive semantic perspectivewww.answers.comhttp//www.kjmaclean.com/HappinessvsJoy.htmlhttp//www.tfproject.org/tfp/ memorial/index.php/t-7099.htmlhttp//www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi? charge up=/c/a/2007/03/07/DDGLBOFSL11.DTLhttp//thinkexist.com/quotation/happiness_is_a_butterfly-which_when_pursued-is/169068.htmlhttp//www.tiny-lights.com/flash.html?id=20http//www.calvin.edu/admin/chapel service service/ godliness/chapel/Isaiah60/wealth.htmhttp//www.light-up-your-life.com/http//www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/cp1897/chap104.htmhttp//cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?gladnesshttp//www.entplaza.com/cgi-bin/ occasion/quotes.pl?cat=Happinesshttp//www.entplaza.com/cgi-bin/ fix/quotes.pl?cat=Happinesshttp//www.thefreedictionary.com/gladnesshttp//www.caringtoday.com/ knob/296http//www.4to40.com/story/i ndex.asp?id=480tophttp//www.timesandseasons.org/index.php?p=2582http//www.meditationerfan.com/Happiness_vs.htmlhttp//www.dailycelebrations.com/joy.htmhttp//www.dailycelebrations.com/joy.htmhttp//www.dailycelebrations.com/jo